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Significance of Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a unique prehistoric monument, lying at the centre of an outstandingly rich archaeological landscape. An extraordinary source for the study of prehistory, it holds a pivotal identify in the evolution of archaeology. Many different theories take been put forrad about who built it, when, and why.
In 2022 Stonehenge celebrated its 30th year as a World Heritage site – in 1986, together with Avebury, it was one of the very kickoff sites in the UK to exist inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
A World Heritage Site
The World Heritage Site Direction Plan summarises the significance, or outstanding universal value, of the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site as follows:
The Stonehenge, Avebury, and Associated Sites World Heritage Site is internationally important for its complexes of outstanding prehistoric monuments. Stonehenge is the most architecturally sophisticated prehistoric stone circle in the earth, while Avebury is the largest in the world. Together with inter-related monuments and their associated landscapes, they help the states to understand Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial and mortuary practices. They demonstrate effectually 2000 years of continuous use and monument building between c. 3700 and 1600 BC. As such they represent a unique embodiment of our collective heritage. [1]
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The Stone Monument
The significance of Stonehenge itself can be summarised as follows:
- Stonehenge is the near architecturally sophisticated and only surviving lintelled stone circle in the earth.
- The primeval stage of the monument is ane of the largest cremations cemeteries known in Neolithic Britain.[two]
- The stones were brought from long distances – the bluestones from the Preseli Hills, over 150 miles (250km) abroad, and the sarsens from West Forest, fifteen miles (25km) north of Stonehenge on the border of the Marlborough Downs.[3]
- The stones were dressed using sophisticated techniques[four] and erected using precisely interlocking joints, unseen at whatever other prehistoric monument.
A Unique Landscape
Stonehenge does not stand in isolation, but forms part of a remarkable aboriginal landscape of early on Neolithic, belatedly Neolithic and early Bronze Age monuments.
Containing more than 350 burial mounds and major prehistoric monuments such as the Stonehenge Avenue, the Cursus, Woodhenge and Durrington Walls, this mural is a vast source of data about the formalism and funerary practices of Neolithic and Bronze Historic period people.
It can likewise aid our understanding of regional and international contacts from the fourth to 2nd millennia BC, and shed light on how prehistoric society was organised.
Archaeology and Significant
Stonehenge has often been at the forefront of the evolution of archeology (see Research on Stonehenge).
It has likewise perhaps been the focus of more theories about its origin and purpose than any other prehistoric monument. These have included a coronation place for Danish kings,[5] a Druid temple,[six]an astronomical calculator for predicting eclipses and solar events,[7] a place where ancestors were worshipped[8] or a cult centre for healing.[nine]
Today, the interpretation of Stonehenge which is well-nigh generally accepted is that of a prehistoric temple aligned with the movements of the lord's day.
Icon and Inspiration
Finally, Stonehenge is an icon of the past and a powerful image of aboriginal achievement. It has been the field of study of many paintings and poems and featured in books, music and films.
Stonehenge continues to accept a function as a sacred place of special religious and cultural significance for many, and inspires a potent sense of awe and humility for thousands of visitors who are drawn to the site every year.
Footnotes
1. Official UNESCO cursory description of the Globe Heritage Site, agreed by the Globe Heritage Committee, July 2008; published in C Young, A Chadburn and I Bedu, Stonehenge Earth Heritage Site Management Program 2009 (English Heritage, London, 2009), part 1, 21.
2. Thou Parker Pearson, A Chamberlain, M Jay, P Marshall, J Pollard, C Richards, J Thomas, C Tilley and K Welham, 'Who was buried at Stonehenge?' Antiquity, 83 (2009), 23 (subscription required; accessed 3 March 2015).
3. DJ Nash et al, 'Origins of the sarsen megaliths at Stonehenge',Science Advances 6:31 (2020) (accessed 30 July 2020).
4. K Abbott and H Anderson-Whymark, Stonehenge Laser Browse: Archaeological Analysis, English Heritage Research Department Report 32-2012 (English Heritage, 2012), 26–37.
5. West Charleton, Chorea Gigantum: Or, The Near Famous Artifact of Great britain, Vulgarly Called Rock-Heng, Standing on Salisbury Apparently, Restored to the Danes (1663) (accessed eighteen November 2013).
6. J Aubrey, Monumenta Britannica, or, A Miscellany of British Antiquities, Parts I and II, ed J Fowles (Sherborne, 1980–82; originally compiled 1665–93).
seven. One thousand Hawkins, Stonehenge Decoded (London, 1965).
eight. 1000 Parker Pearson and Ramilinsonina, 'Stonehenge for the ancestors: the stones pass on the message', Antiquity, 72 (1998), 308–26 (subscription required; accessed three March 2015).
9. T Darvill, 'Towards the inside: Stonehenge and its purpose', in Cults in Context: Reconsidering Ritual in Archaeology, ed D A Barrowclough and C Malone (Oxford, 2007), 148–57.
Source: https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/stonehenge/history-and-stories/history/significance/
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